NEXFIDRO | Decision 2690553
Date Published: Oct 1, 2017
OPPOSITION No B 2 690 553
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a New Jersey corporation, One Merck Drive, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey 08889, United States of America (opponent), represented by Merkenbureau Knijff & Partners B.V., Leeuwenveldseweg 12, 1382 LX Weesp, The Netherlands (professional representative)
a g a i n s t
Shionogi & Co. Ltd., 1-8 Doshomachi 3-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0045, Japan (applicant), represented by Vossius & Partner Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte mbB, Siebertstr. 3, 81675 München, Germany (professional representative).
On 06/04/2017, the Opposition Division takes the following
DECISION:
1. Opposition No B 2 690 553 is upheld for all the contested goods.
2. European Union trade mark application No 15 052 236 is rejected in its entirety.
3. The applicant bears the costs, fixed at EUR 620.
REASONS:
The opponent filed an opposition against all the goods of European Union trade mark application No 15 052 236. The opposition is based on European Union trade mark registration No 14 168 777. The opponent invoked Article 8(1)(b) EUTMR.
LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION – ARTICLE 8(1)(b) EUTMR
A likelihood of confusion exists if there is a risk that the public might believe that the goods or services in question, under the assumption that they bear the marks in question, come from the same undertaking or, as the case may be, from economically linked undertakings. Whether a likelihood of confusion exists depends on the appreciation in a global assessment of several factors, which are interdependent. These factors include the similarity of the signs, the similarity of the goods and services, the distinctiveness of the earlier mark, the distinctive and dominant elements of the conflicting signs and the relevant public.
- The goods
The goods on which the opposition is based are the following:
Class 5: | Pharmaceutical preparations. |
The contested goods are the following:
Class 5: | Anti-infectives, pharmaceutical preparations. |
The contested anti-infectives, pharmaceutical preparations are included in the broad category of the opponent’s pharmaceutical preparations. Therefore, they are identical.
- Relevant public — degree of attention
The average consumer of the category of products concerned is deemed to be reasonably well informed and reasonably observant and circumspect. It should also be borne in mind that the average consumer’s degree of attention is likely to vary according to the category of goods or services in question.
In the present case, the goods found to be identical are directed at the public at large and at medical and pharmaceutical professionals. It is apparent from the case-law that, insofar as pharmaceutical preparations are concerned, the relevant public’s degree of attention is relatively high, whether or not issued on prescription (15/12/2010, T-331/09, Tolposan, EU:T:2010:520, § 26; 15/03/2012, T-288/08, Zydus, EU:T:2012:124, § 36 and cited case-law).
In particular, medical professionals have a high degree of attentiveness when prescribing medicines. Non-professionals also have a higher degree of attention, regardless of whether the pharmaceuticals are sold without prescription, as these goods affect their state of health.
- The signs
CIVFIDRO | NEXFIDRO |
Earlier trade mark | Contested sign |
The relevant territory is the European Union.
The global appreciation of the visual, aural or conceptual similarity of the marks in question must be based on the overall impression given by the marks, bearing in mind, in particular, their distinctive and dominant components (11/11/1997, C-251/95, Sabèl, EU:C:1997:528, § 23).
The earlier mark and the contested sign are word marks, each composed of a single verbal element that lacks any meaning for the relevant public.
Visually, the signs coincide in five of their eight letters, namely the sequence of letters ‘FIDRO’. However, they differ in their first three letters, ‘CIV’ in the earlier mark and ‘NEX’ in the contested sign. The signs also coincide in their length.
Therefore, the signs are visually similar to an average degree.
Aurally, irrespective of the different pronunciation rules in different parts of the relevant territory, the pronunciation of the signs coincides in the syllables /FI-DRO/, present identically in both signs. The pronunciation differs in their first syllables, /CIV/ in the earlier mark and /NEX/ in the contested sign. As indicated above, the signs are of the same length and have the same number of syllables. Moreover, their vowel structures are the same, as are the letter structures of the differing syllables (consonant-vowel-consonant), which renders the signs ultimately very similar in terms of their rhythm and intonation.
Therefore, the signs are aurally similar to an average degree.
Conceptually, neither of the signs has a meaning for the public in the relevant territory. Since a conceptual comparison is not possible, the conceptual aspect does not influence the assessment of the similarity of the signs.
As the signs have been found similar in at least one aspect of the comparison, the examination of likelihood of confusion will proceed.
- Distinctiveness of the earlier mark
The distinctiveness of the earlier mark is one of the factors to be taken into account in the global assessment of likelihood of confusion.
The opponent did not explicitly claim that its mark is particularly distinctive by virtue of intensive use or reputation.
Consequently, the assessment of the distinctiveness of the earlier mark will rest on its distinctiveness per se. In the present case, the earlier trade mark as a whole has no meaning for any of the goods in question from the perspective of the public in the relevant territory. Therefore, the distinctiveness of the earlier mark must be seen as normal.
- Global assessment, other arguments and conclusion
Likelihood of confusion covers situations where the consumer directly confuses the trade marks themselves, or where the consumer makes a connection between the conflicting signs and assumes that the goods/services covered are from the same or economically linked undertakings.
Evaluating likelihood of confusion implies some interdependence between the relevant factors and, in particular, a similarity between the marks and between the goods or services. Therefore, a lesser degree of similarity between the marks may be offset by a greater degree of similarity between the goods and services and vice versa (29/09/1998, C-39/97, Canon, EU:C:1998:442, § 17).
In the present case, the goods are identical, and the degree of attention of the relevant public will be high.
Taking into account the fact that average consumers rarely have the chance to make a direct comparison between different marks, but must trust in their imperfect recollection of them (22/06/1999, C-342/97, Lloyd Schuhfabrik, EU:C:1999:323, § 26), a fact that is also true for the consumers who pay a high degree of attention (21/11/2013, T-443/12, ancotel, EU:T:2013:605, § 54), and in virtue of the interdependence principle, the Opposition Division considers that the only difference between the signs, namely in their first three letters, cannot outweigh the similarities between the signs, which are visually and aurally similar to an average degree. Therefore, it cannot be safely excluded that the relevant consumer, even with a high degree of attention, may make a connection between the conflicting signs and assume that the identical goods are from the same undertaking or economically linked undertakings or may perceive the contested mark as a sub-brand or variation of the earlier mark, configured in a different way according to the type of goods or services that it designates (23/10/2002, T-104/01, Fifties, EU:T:2002:262, § 49).
Considering all the above, there is a likelihood of confusion on the part of the public.
Therefore, the opposition is well founded on the basis of the opponent’s European Union trade mark registration No 14 168 777. It follows that the contested trade mark must be rejected for all the contested goods.
COSTS
According to Article 85(1) EUTMR, the losing party in opposition proceedings must bear the fees and costs incurred by the other party.
Since the applicant is the losing party, it must bear the opposition fee as well as the costs incurred by the opponent in the course of these proceedings.
According to Rule 94(3) and (6) and Rule 94(7)(d)(i) EUTMIR, the costs to be paid to the opponent are the opposition fee and the costs of representation which are to be fixed on the basis of the maximum rate set therein.
The Opposition Division
Ana MUÑIZ RODRIGUEZ | Fabián GARCIA QUINTO | Zuzanna STOJKOWICZ |
According to Article 59 EUTMR, any party adversely affected by this decision has a right to appeal against this decision. According to Article 60 EUTMR, notice of appeal must be filed in writing at the Office within two months of the date of notification of this decision. It must be filed in the language of the proceedings in which the decision subject to appeal was taken. Furthermore, a written statement of the grounds of appeal must be filed within four months of the same date. The notice of appeal will be deemed to be filed only when the appeal fee of EUR 720 has been paid.
The amount determined in the fixation of the costs may only be reviewed by a decision of the Opposition Division on request. According to Rule 94(4) EUTMIR, such a request must be filed within one month from the date of notification of this fixation of costs and will be deemed to be filed only when the review fee of EUR 100 (Annex I A(33) EUTMR) has been paid.