NOO | Decision 2570938 - KAUFLAND ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA, v.o.s. v. Street Picnic Limited
Date Published: Oct 11, 2017
OPPOSITION No B 2 570 938
Kaufland Česká Republika, v.o.s., Bělohorská 2428/203, 169 00 Praha 6, Czech Republik (opponent), represented by Boehmert & Boehmert Anwaltspartnerschaft mbB – Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte, Hollerallee 32, 28209 Bremen, Germany (professional representative)
a g a i n s t
Street Picnic Limited, 92 New Crane Wharf, Wapping, London E1W 3TU, United Kingdom (applicant), represented by Trademark Eagle Limited, Unit 8, Valley Court Offices, Lower Road, Croydon, Hertfordshire SG8 0HF, United Kingdom (professional representative).
On 22/03/2017, the Opposition Division takes the following
DECISION:
1. Opposition No B 2 570 938 is rejected in its entirety.
2. The opponent bears the costs, fixed at EUR 300.
REASONS:
The opponent filed an opposition against some of the goods and services of European Union trade mark application No 13 918 164, namely against some of the goods in Class 30. The opposition is based on international trade mark registration No 1 216 117 designating the European Union, Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia and on Czech trade mark registration No 338 773. The opponent invoked Article 8(1)(b) EUTMR.
Preliminary remark
It is noted from the outset that according to the extract from Romarin filed by the opponent on 31/08/2015, there is a partial provisional refusal of protection in respect of the international trade mark registration No 1 216 117 designating the European Union. However, as the outcome of the opposition will be the same, the examination of the opposition will continue in relation to all the earlier trade marks claimed by the opponent, including the earlier mark concerned.
LIKELIHOOD OF CONFUSION – ARTICLE 8(1)(b) EUTMR
A likelihood of confusion exists if there is a risk that the public might believe that the goods or services in question, under the assumption that they bear the marks in question, come from the same undertaking or, as the case may be, from economically linked undertakings. Whether a likelihood of confusion exists depends on the appreciation in a global assessment of several factors, which are interdependent. These factors include the similarity of the signs, the similarity of the goods and services, the distinctiveness of the earlier mark, the distinctive and dominant elements of the conflicting signs and the relevant public.
The opposition is based on more than one earlier trade mark. The Opposition Division finds it appropriate to first examine the opposition in relation to the opponent’s international trade mark registration No 1 216 117 designating the EU.
- The goods
The goods on which the opposition is based are the following:
Class 29: Preserved, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; prepared pulses; dried pulses; canned pulses; preserved food based on meat, fish, poultry, game and vegetables with the addition of noodles.
Class 30: Dried and fresh pasta; noodles and dumplings; canned noodles, noodles filled with meat and/or vegetables; frozen noodles; food products containing noodles; rice; food products containing rice.
Class 31: Fresh pulses.
The contested goods are the following:
Class 30: Rice; flour and preparations made from cereals; breakfast cereal; sandwiches; prepared, cooked and frozen meals consisting predominantly of pasta, pizza, noodles and rice; convenience foods and savoury snacks; pizzas and pizza based dishes; pasta and pasta based dishes; rice and rice based dishes; noodles and noodle based dishes; ravioli; sushi; quiches; biscuits; cakes and cookies; pancakes.
The relevant factors relating to the comparison of the goods or services include, inter alia, the nature and purpose of the goods or services, the distribution channels, the sales outlets, the producers, the method of use and whether they are in competition with each other or complementary to each other.
Contested goods in Class 30
Rice (specified twice in the list of goods of the contested sign) and noodles are identically contained in both lists of goods.
The contested preparations made from cereals and breakfast cereal overlap with the opponent’s food products containing rice. Therefore, they are identical.
The contested pasta includes, as a broader category, the opponent’s dried and fresh pasta. Since the Opposition Division cannot dissect ex officio the broad category of the contested goods, they are considered identical to the opponent’s goods.
The contested prepared, cooked and frozen meals consisting predominately of pasta and noodles; pasta based dishes; noodle based dishes are included in the broad category of, or overlap with, the opponent’s food products containing noodles. Therefore, they are identical.
The contested prepared, cooked and frozen meals consisting predominately of rice; rice based dishes and sushi (which refers to a Japanese dish consisting of small balls or rolls of vinegar-flavoured cold rice served with a garnish of vegetables, egg, or raw seafood (information extracted from Oxford Dictionaries on 21/02/2017 at en.oxforddictionaries.com)) are included in the broad category of, or overlap with, the opponent’s food products containing rice. Therefore, they are identical.
Dumplings consist of small pieces of dough wrapped around a filling. They include, inter alia, Italian ravioli, which are small, square cases of pasta filled with meat or cheese, cooked in boiling water and usually eaten with a sauce (information extracted from Cambridge Dictionary on 16/02/2017 at dictionary.cambridge.org). Therefore, the contested ravioli are included in the broad category of the opponent’s dumplings. These goods are identical.
Convenience foods refer to a complete meal that has been pre-prepared commercially and so requires minimum further preparation by the consumer. Savoury snacks refer to a small amount of food eaten between meals. Consequently, the contested convenience foods and savoury snacks include, as a broader category, or overlap with, the opponent’s food products containing noodles. Since the Opposition Division cannot dissect ex officio the broad categories of the contested goods, they are considered identical to the opponent’s goods.
The contested prepared, cooked and frozen meals consisting predominately of pizza; pizzas and pizza based dishes; sandwiches; quiches and pancakes consist of prepared food designed for ease of consumption; these goods can be sold as hot, ready-to-eat dishes, at room temperature, as shelf-stable products or as refrigerated or frozen products that require minimal preparation (typically just heating). They are similar to the opponent’s canned noodles, noodles filled with meat and/or vegetables. These goods are likely to be manufactured by the same producers and are distributed through the same commercial channels. They also have the same relevant public and at least some of them may be in competition.
The remaining contested biscuits; cakes and cookies as well as flour are dissimilar to the opponent’s goods in Classes 29, 30 and 31. The mere fact that these goods are, broadly speaking, foodstuffs is not sufficient to render them similar, as their natures are quite distinct. Furthermore, the fact that an ingredient such as the contested flour is needed for the preparation of other foodstuffs such as the opponent’s noodles, pasta or pizza is generally not sufficient in itself to show that the goods are similar either (26/10/2011, T-72/10, Naty’s, EU:T:2011:635, § 35-36). In addition, the goods under comparison usually have different commercial origins and are not normally displayed on the same shelves, even if they are sold in the same establishments. Furthermore, they are not complementary.
- Relevant public — degree of attention
The average consumer of the category of products concerned is deemed to be reasonably well informed and reasonably observant and circumspect. It should also be borne in mind that the average consumer’s degree of attention is likely to vary according to the category of goods or services in question.
In the present case, the goods found to be identical or similar are directed at the public at large. The degree of attention is considered average.
- The signs
NOE | NOO |
Earlier trade mark | Contested sign |
The relevant territory is the European Union.
The global appreciation of the visual, aural or conceptual similarity of the marks in question must be based on the overall impression given by the marks, bearing in mind, in particular, their distinctive and dominant components (11/11/1997, C-251/95, Sabèl, EU:C:1997:528, § 23).
The earlier mark is a word mark, ‘NOE’, which, for part of the public in the relevant territory, for example for Czech, French, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Romanian, Slovak or Spanish speakers, will be associated with the biblical name Noah. For the remaining part of the public, it will be perceived as an invented word with no meaning. Irrespective of the different perceptions of this word in the relevant territory, ‘NOE’ has no meaning in relation to the goods in question and, therefore, it is distinctive.
The contested sign is also a word mark. It consists of ‘NOO’, an invented word, without any meaning in the relevant territory and therefore, it is distinctive.
Visually, the signs are similar to the extent that they coincide in the letter sequence ‘NO*’. However, they differ in the final letters, ‘E’ in the earlier mark and ‘O’ in the contested sign.
The length of the signs may also influence the effect of the differences between them. The shorter a sign, the more easily the public is able to perceive all of its single elements. Therefore, in short words small differences may frequently lead to a different overall impression. In contrast, the public is less aware of differences between long signs.
In the present case both signs consist only of three letters and therefore they are considered short signs. When comparing the signs, it is obvious that the shapes of the final letters are different which, bearing in mind the above mentioned principle, will influence the overall impression each sign creates. Consequently, the signs can be considered visually similar to a low degree.
Aurally, for a part of the public (such as Czech-, Estonian-, Italian-, Polish-, Slovak-, Spanish- or Romanian-speaking consumers), the pronunciation of the signs will coincide in the sound of the letters ‛NO’, present identically in both signs, and will differ in the sounds of their last letters, ‛O’ and ‘E’. For another part of the public, the pronunciation coincides only in the sound of the letter ‘N’ and differs in the sounds of the remaining letters, ‘OE’ and ‘OO’. This is the case, for example, for Dutch-speaking consumers, who will refer to the earlier mark as [nu] and to the contested sign as [no], and for the English-speaking public, which will pronounce them as [nəʊ] and [nu]. Consequently and account taken of the fact that the marks are short signs, the overall degree of aural similarity is deemed as low.
Conceptually, for the part of the public for which neither of the signs has a meaning, a conceptual comparison is not possible and the conceptual aspect does not influence the assessment of the similarity of the signs.
On the other hand, the remaining part of the public will understand ‘NOE’ as explained above, however the contested sing has no meaning in the relevant territory. Since one of the signs will not be associated with any meaning, the signs are not conceptually similar.
- Distinctiveness of the earlier mark
The distinctiveness of the earlier mark is one of the factors to be taken into account in the global assessment of likelihood of confusion.
The opponent did not explicitly claim that its mark is particularly distinctive by virtue of intensive use or reputation.
Consequently, the assessment of the distinctiveness of the earlier mark will rest on its distinctiveness per se. In the present case, the earlier trade mark as a whole has no meaning for any of the goods in question from the perspective of the public in the relevant territory. Therefore, the distinctiveness of the earlier mark must be seen as normal.
- Global assessment, other arguments and conclusion
The likelihood of confusion must be appreciated globally, taking into account all the factors relevant to the circumstances of the case; this appreciation depends on numerous elements and, in particular, on the degree of recognition of the mark on the market, the association that the public might make between the two marks and the degree of similarity between the signs and the goods and services (11/11/1997, C-251/95, Sabèl, EU:C:1997:528, § 22).
In the present case, the earlier mark and the contested sign are short signs. Consequently, the fact that they differ in one letter is a relevant factor to consider when evaluating the likelihood of confusion between the conflicting signs.
As explained in detail in section c) of this decision, the coincidences in the letters ‘NO-’ are of such a nature as to lead to a finding of only a low degree of visual and aural similarity. Moreover, conceptually, the signs either have no similarities or a conceptual comparison is not possible.
Taking into consideration the short lengths of the earlier mark and the contested sign and the fact that the only different letter is not visually and phonetically similar, it is therefore considered that the differences between them are clearly perceptible and outweigh the similarities such that a likelihood of confusion on the part of the public can safely be excluded, even taking into account that some of the goods are identical or similar (23/10/2002, T-388/00, ELS, EU:T:2002:260, by analogy).
Considering all of the above, there is no likelihood of confusion on the part of the public. Therefore, the opposition must be rejected.
The opponent has also based its opposition on international trade mark registration No 1 216 117 designating Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Poland and Croatia and on Czech trade mark registration No 338 773.
Since these marks are identical to the one which has been compared and cover the same goods, the outcome cannot be different with respect to goods for which the opposition has already been rejected. Therefore, no likelihood of confusion exists with respect to those goods.
COSTS
According to Article 85(1) EUTMR, the losing party in opposition proceedings must bear the fees and costs incurred by the other party.
Since the opponent is the losing party, it must bear the costs incurred by the applicant in the course of these proceedings.
According to Rule 94(3) and Rule 94(7)(d)(ii) EUTMIR, the costs to be paid to the applicant are the costs of representation which are to be fixed on the basis of the maximum rate set therein.
The Opposition Division
Jorge ZARAGOZA GÓMEZ | Arkadiusz GORNY | Oana-Alina STURZA |
According to Article 59 EUTMR, any party adversely affected by this decision has a right to appeal against this decision. According to Article 60 EUTMR, notice of appeal must be filed in writing at the Office within two months of the date of notification of this decision. It must be filed in the language of the proceedings in which the decision subject to appeal was taken. Furthermore, a written statement of the grounds of appeal must be filed within four months of the same date. The notice of appeal will be deemed to be filed only when the appeal fee of EUR 720 has been paid.
The amount determined in the fixation of the costs may only be reviewed by a decision of the Opposition Division on request. According to Rule 94(4) EUTMIR, such a request must be filed within one month from the date of notification of this fixation of costs and will be deemed to be filed only when the review fee of EUR 100 (Annex I A(33) EUTMR) has been paid.